Current Ethical or legal Healthcare Concern Essay Example

Current Ethical or legal Healthcare Concern Essay Example Current Ethical or legal Healthcare Concern Paper Current Ethical or legal Healthcare Concern Paper Essay Topic: Current Health care is one of the most important services necessary for the well being of human life yet it is marked with special ethical and legal requirements which guarantees the privacy, security and confidentiality of the patient. The importance of protecting patient’s information is evidenced by the legislated restrictions by the state which prohibits patient’s information to be revealed to any unauthorized person unless it is legalized by the patient or under special circumstances such as promoting public health or protecting child abuse (Shea, Levin, Lyer, 2006). This paper is written to discuss confidentiality of health information as an ethical and legal concern of health care. As per the American College of Health Care Executives, health care professionals have professional, ethical and a moral responsibility give patients medical information the confidentiality and security it deserves (Rodrigues, 2009). It is therefore an obligation of the health care executives to determine the rightness of disclosing the patients’ medical information to the third party under the effects of the state laws and the federal laws at large. In order to achieve this, the author of this paper proposes health professionals to put in consideration a number of things to on the list being the limited disclosure of patient’s medical information to any unauthorized third party. This is because health care professionals have to seek all the details necessary for diagnosis of the patient’s disease. Any betrayal of the patient can amount to loss of confident and hence failure to express there some information concerning their problems. Another obligation of the health care executives is to ensure that the health care center’s policies are inline with the existing state and federal laws and regulation. As a responsibility, they should make sure that all the health care workers are knowledgeable on the importance of keeping patient’s information confidential and secure as well as the corresponding consequences of disclosing it (Rodrigues, 2009). The health care personnel should be in a position to appreciate their responsibility in this matter and the punishment which will follow on violation. To achieve this, health care executives will have to come up with means of protecting patient’s medical records as well as any computerized data through a well reliable and secure storage system which as well provide quick access of the information when required by the authorized personnel. In addition to this, a disaster recovery system which will enable the institution to keep a track on the accessibility and use of the medical records as well as giving a feed back on who had accessed the information (Rodrigues, 2009). Further to this, identification systems of patients which do not involve personal details such as names should be designed in order to eliminate this unethical behavior of disclosing patient’s information. Health care organizations still needs to come up with a well crafted and written agreement which defines the circumstances under which the patient’s information is disclosed, people who are legitimate to access the patient’s information, the punishment to be endorsed to the victims of this mistake and the procedures of compensating the patient’s whose information has been disclosed (Shea, Levin, Lyer, 2006). This agreement should also contain procedures of educating the patients about confidentiality and security of their private information and should be inconsistency with the state and the federal laws. In conclusion therefore, patient’s medical; information should be confidential and kept secure. It is governed by the state and the federal laws and therefore it is the responsibility of the health care executives to come up with policies which will ensure that these laws are adhered to. References Rodrigues, R. (2009). Ethical and Legal Issues in Interactive Health Communications: A Call for International Cooperation. Retrieved August 16, 2010, from ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1761840/ Shea, M., Levin, B., Lyer, P. (2006). Medical Legal Aspects of Medical Records. New York: Lawyers Judges Publishing Company.

Happy Feet Movie Quotes

'Happy Feet' Movie Quotes Live your life to the fullest. Dont be afraid to be yourself, no matter who you are. These are the heart-warming lessons you learn through the song-and-dance animated movie Happy Feet. The movie takes place in Antarctica in the home of the emperor penguins. Each penguin sings a heartsong to attract a mate, but young Mumble is a terrible singer. Mumble can tap dance though, and he eventually wins over his heartthrob with his clever footwork. George Miller, the writer-director of Happy Feet, used sophisticated computer animation to create this visual treat. The voice-overs by Nicole Kidman, Hugh Jackman, Robin Williams and Elijah Wood are part of why Happy Feet won the 2006 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. For Penguin lovers, here is a collection of memorable Happy Feet quotes. Ramon Just a moment... I hear people wanting something... ME! We got  personality  with a capital Y. Why? Because were hot! I like big tails and I cant deny! Oh, hes leaving! Oh, no! That was his face! I dont care where you come from, that has got to hurt! STOP! Lemme tell something to  joo... I know size can be daunting... but dont be afraid... I love you! Yeah, I saw an animal do that once and then they rolled him over and he was dead. You did everything  penguinly  possible. Dont feel so bad, my father also called me a pitiful loser, look how I turned out. Seymour Dont push me cause I am close to the edge. Im trying not to lose my head. Gloria, I adori ya, Id like to see more o ya! Its like a jungle sometimes, it makes me wonder how I keep from goin under! Remember stranger danger... Watch out for leopard seals and them killer whales! Lovelace Ladies, please avert your eyes, cause Ive been known to hypnotize. Enraged by their indifference, he followed them long after they had gone from his sight. He swam further than any of us had before, past all hope of return. Swept up by the currents, he was carried endlessly, across vast oceans, to worlds unknown. Hear me! Theres not enough love in the world. Turn to the penguin next to you, put your flippers up, fluff him up a little bit and give him a great big hug! Go forth and multiply! I must retire now to my couch of perpetual indulgence.   Baby Gloria Is it empty? Can I have it? [to Mumbles unhatched egg]   Mumble Let me tell something to joo! When I find out whats happening to the fish, Ill be back! Its just like ... singing, with your body. Im speaking plain penguin! Leopard Seal Come here, sausage. I take you with ketchup! Remember, dumplings, I know where you live ...

Critically assess the role of the UN in the protection of human rights Essay

Critically assess the role of the UN in the protection of human rights with regards to the AIDS epidemic in subsaharan Africa - Essay Example The CHR's request was based on the Secretary General's statement during the 51st session of the UN in which he stated: of the complex relationship between the public health rationale and the human rights rationale of HIV/AIDS. In particular, Governments could benefit from guidelines that outline clearly how human rights standards apply in the area of HIV/AIDS and indicate concrete and specific measures, both in terms of legislation and practice, that should be undertaken (Para. 135) In order to meet this objective the Second Annual International Consultation on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights under the leadership of United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS along with their cosponsors (hereafter, UNAIDS)2 was held in Geneva from 23 to 25 September of 1996 to finalise guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights. Secondly, the members upon acceptance of the final form of the guidelines set out recommendations to ensure the guidelines are disseminated and implemented by all UN intergovernmental bodies, nations and non-government agencies. The basic human rights guiding principles as established by the UN with regard to HIV/AID are contained in Appendix A on page 26. Several of the principles are of specific interest with regard to the current research topic. One of these guiding principles is the 'Right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications.' In this principle the UN recognises that every person regardless of where they live is entitled to quality health care, current treatment methods, preventative supplies, counselling and testing. They further acknowledged that third world and emerging nations do not necessarily have the means, resources and funding necessary to accomplish this. To that end, they spell out the need to supply within countries and between nations the fundamental supplies and resources for this to occur. This is further emphasised in principle 14 which more expressly states that "International support, from both the public and private sectors, for developing countries for

Finance and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finance and Business - Essay Example Income Statement (per flight) (Fare Lowered) Average number of passengers per flight Average total revenue (212*280) Variable Costs Fuel costs Food and Beverage service costs (4*212) Commission to travel agents (10% of 59,360) Gross Profit Fixed Costs Fixed annual lease costs Fixed ground services costs Fixed flight crew salaries Operating Loss 212 59,360 (14,000) (848) (5936) 38,576 (53,000) (7,500) (7,000) (28,924) 3. Income Statement (per flight for Travel International’s offer) Number of flights by Travel International Revenue from Travel International Fixed Costs Fixed annual lease costs Fixed ground services costs Fixed flight crew salaries Operating Income 24 75,000 (53,000) (7,500) (7,000) 7,500 Report The calculations in the first part illustrate that Westcoast Air co. is currently incurring an operating loss of $31,012.5. This is mainly due to the fact that the costs are exceeding the revenues by a considerable margin. The seating capacity of the aircraft is 380; how ever, the average number of passengers per flight is even less than 50% of the aircraft’s capacity. This should be a symptom of worry for the Westcoast Air co. as it is not being able to efficiently utilize the capacity of its aircraft. The roots of this issue might lie somewhere in the marketing, advertising or service strategies of the company. Consequently, the average total revenue per flight is a modest $56,875.0. Though, it covers the variable costs of fuel, food, services and commission reasonably well, resulting in a Gross profit of $36,487.5; the problem arises largely because of high fixed costs. The annual leasing costs, constituting the bulk of the fixed costs along with fixed ground services costs and fixed flight crew salaries, result in a hefty sum of $67,500.0. An operating loss, which is the surpassing of revenues by operating costs, is considered to be a perilous warning sign for any business as it is an indication of discrepancies in the operating activitie s of the company. Thus, attempts should be made to tackle this problem on an immediate basis if the company wishes to survive in the market (Gibson, 2011). The company should lower the average one-way fare to $280 as it not only utilizes the vacant seating capacity of the aircraft by increasing the average number of passengers per flight up to 212, but it also reduces the operating loss incurred by the company per flight. When this measure is applied, the operating loss is reduced by $2088.5 to $28,924. The reduction takes place in consequence of increased revenues from increased customers. This proposal of cutting down the average one-way fare, by the Market Research Department of Westcoast Air is also significant because it indicates to the company, the path of eliminating the operating loss. Therefore, if the company makes further efforts to reduce its fare and increase its passengers, then a point will come when the company will be able to turn its operating loss into operating income. However, this turnaround depends on the accuracy of the projections made by the company with regard to fares and passengers. The analysis of financial results suggests that Westcoast

Rufino Blanco-Fombona Essay Example for Free

Rufino Blanco-Fombona Essay Rufino Blanco-Fombona, (b. June 17, 1874, Caracas, Venezuela—d. October 17, 1944, Buenos Aires, Argentina), Venezuelan literary historian and man of letters who played a major role in bringing the works of Latin American writers to world attention. Jailed during the early years of the dictatorship (1908–35) of Juan Vicente Gomez, Blanco-Fombona fled to Europe, where he established Editorial America in Madrid (1914), which presented Latin American writers to the European literary world. A prolific author, he wrote poetry,short stories, novels, and essays. Of Blanco-Fombona’s vast output, his literary essays are considered his best work. Two of hiscritical works, El modernismo y los poetas modernistas (1929; â€Å"Modernism and the Modernist Poets†) and Camino de imperfeccion, diario de mi vida (1906–1913) (1929; â€Å"Road of Imperfection, Diary of My Life 1906–1913†), are considered standard works on the Modernist movement in Spanish. Other important works include Letras y letrados de Hispano-America (1908; â€Å"Letters and the Learned in Latin America†) andGrandes escritores de America (1919; â€Å"Great Writers of America†). His novel, El hombre de oro (The Man of Gold), was published in 1912.

Traumatic Brain Injury Essay -- Health, Diseases

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a sophisticated problem because of different reasons. Among the reasons are their difficulties to be diagnosed early in majority of the cases. This is because either the damage in most cases is not visible or the brain trauma does not receive the attention it deserves since patients with head injuries often times have other injuries. The other problem with head injury is that it is associated with numerous disorders and often results in different psychological symptoms that can complicate the diagnosis and treatment. It may be associated with depression, personality problems, anxiety, paranoia, or apathy. Impulsive aggression which this paper deals with is one of the challenging and complex problems that traumatic brain injury is associated with. Aggressive behavior is one of the most disruptive consequences of TBI. Its enduring problems tend to disrupt families, care givers and above all to the patient whose new behavior becomes obstacle to return to the usual role. It is also said to be the most frequent and very treatable out come of TBI. It is possible to classify aggression as impulsive and premeditated. Impulsive aggression is characterized by relatively unplanned and spontaneous, high levels of autonomic arousal and precipitation by provocation associated with negative emotions such as anger or fear It usually represents a response to a perceived stress. In addition, researches show that impulsive aggression is most common after TBI. Impulsive aggression, also referred to as reactive aggression, affective aggression, or hostile aggression, becomes pathological when aggressive responses are exaggerated in relation to the emotional provocation that occurs In contrast, premeditated aggre... ... are associated with poor social functioning. Previous studies reported that aggression was associated with disruption of family relationships Grafman, (1996) and poor occupational performance (Herzberg &Fenwick, 1988). Social integration decreases impulsive behavior and lessens the vulnerability to developing depressive disorders. Furthermore, it has been suggested that social behavior is influenced by the same biological factors as impulsiveness and aggression (i.e., prefrontal modulation and serotonergic function) (Tateno, 2003). Considering the multifactorial nature of impulsive aggression, biological, psychological and social variables that may contribute for this behavior to arise must be approached. The aggressive behavior is evidently disturbing in social life; therefore individuals that are close to the patients must obtain support (Schwarzbold, 2008).

How is fear and stress created in Journey’s End? Essay

The play Journey’s End is based upon the author R. C. Sherriff’s experiences during the First World War, after being seriously injured in the battle of Passchendaele in 1917 Sherriff began to write the play reflecting the way he and his comrades lived through the trench warfare. The play was written in 1928; just ten years after Sherriff had experienced the war. He is known for many other plays, novels and film scripts although it is for Journey’s End that he is most well known. The characters have to cope somehow with the remarkable amount of anxiety which is thrown at them from the war, so Sherriff provides the audience with how the characters in the play handle their stress. Captain Stanhope, the commanding officer of the company, is referred to by the other men as ‘the best company commander [they’ve] got’ then again, from the pressure of being involved in the World War Stanhope has put himself in such a situation that could make the audience’s possible reaction ambiguous. Firstly, the audience could refer to Stanhope as being an unstable character because of how Osborne describes him as being a potential ‘freak show exhibit’, although this has been said before Stanhope has been introduced into the play. So, afterwards when he is described as ‘his experience alone makes him worth a dozen men’ this is a positive way of referring to Stanhope but this image of him could be destroyed if he carries on with his habit of drinking. Sherriff could have decided to make the character of Stanhope become a drinker so the audience can recognise that even the most important and successful man in any situation can have their weaknesses, so becoming important in an occupation does not mean to have no flaws and to perform with utter perfection. Not all the characters react in the same way however, Osborne had been reading an unusual book for his age and Trotter has scornful reactions to the book by saying ‘Alice in Wonderland – why, that’s a kid’s book! ‘ Although, Sherriff may have chosen this book for Osborne because the contrasts of the cheerful and high spirited book with the horrific experiences of the World War creates an oxymoron for how the major differences between the two help Osborne balance out the severity of War with the bliss from the children’s book. The point of having a children’s book for Osborne could define his character by representing that he is quite like a child himself; although he is not juvenile he can show aspects of vulnerability, also in a conversation with Stanhope about worms Osborne shows he has an imagination like a child because he is empathising what life could be like for a worm, ‘When it’s going down I suppose the blood runs to his head and makes it throb. ‘ Having Osborne reading a book like Alice in Wonderland might make the audience feel a protective towards Osborne since he is acting in some ways like a defenceless child.

The Rate Of Photosynthesis

1) Construct a graph of your data 2) Using the graph, estimate the time at which 50 percent of the leaf disks were floating on the surface. The point at which 50 percent of the leaf disks are floating will be you point of reference for future investigations Using the graph the estimated time that roughly 50% of the leaf disks were floating on the surface was around the 10th minute. At the 10th minute our number rose up to 26/50 leaf disks. 3. What variable were you testing in this investigation? We were testing the leaf disks as the control.The white light, and the water were the controlled variables. 4. Explain why the leaf disks started to float after being exposed to white light. The leaf disks started floating after being exposed to white light because the process of photosynthesis is light- dependent. Light is required for the process of photosynthesis to begin and so the disks would not start floating unless they were placed under the sun, or in this instance the white light. 6 . In this investigation, you measured the rate of oxygen production. How might you measure the rate of loss of carbon dioxide?The rate of oxygen production was measured by the amount of dicks that stated to float at a certain time. After the disks have all floated to the top, the rate of carbon dioxide loss could be measured by how long it takes for the leaf disks to float back down to the bottom. 7) Brainstorm possible environmental factors that could affect the rate of photosynthesis. Do research on one of these factors and write a short paper on your findings. Factors that could affect the rate of photosynthesis could be the duration of wavelength, high light intensity, or even air pollutants.The topic we researched was ‘High Light Intensity†. High light intensity happens beyond saturation point. Light intensity reduces the rate of photosynthesis. This affect is called solarization. It can be caused by photo-inhibition and photo-oxidation. Photo-inhibition and photo-o xidation occurs when shade leaves are abruptly exposed to bright light or when sun leaves are exposed to bright light with environmental stresses such as water deficit or extreme temperatures. Both occur when the energy absorbed by the photosynthetic reaction centers exceeds the ability to use that energy in metabolic activity.

Answers to Questions About Punctuation #3

Answers to Questions About Punctuation #3 Answers to Questions About Punctuation #3 Answers to Questions About Punctuation #3 By Mark Nichol Here are a few questions from DailyWritingTips.com readers about various punctuation issues, followed by my responses. 1. A lawyer asks a witness about a quoted statement made to the witness by another person, such as â€Å"Did she tell you, ‘I have to call the authorities, you’re going back. Stay right here.† Should there be a question mark after the closing quotation mark? The framing sentence the one in which the quotation is framed, is a question, so the terminal punctuation should be a question mark. However, the division of the quotation into two sentences, with a period intervening, is awkward, because that terminal punctuation interferes with the role of the question mark. (The first sentence also includes a comma splice, in which two independent clauses are erroneously separated by a comma rather than a stronger punctuation mark such as a semicolon.) Here’s my solution: â€Å"Did she tell you, ‘I have to call the authorities; you’re going back stay right here’?† 2. Is the following quotation punctuated correctly? â€Å"Do you think she has the nerve to tell him, ‘You are a terrible man.’?† I think I recall a rule that you can’t have two kinds of punctuation at the end of a quote, but how else can it be done? The question mark preempts the period: â€Å"Do you think she has the nerve to tell him, ‘You are a terrible man’?† 3. Is it still correct to place a semicolon before however and a comma after it? Yes. Here’s a post on the topic. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Whimsical Words50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and FingersWhile vs. Whilst

Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt in World War II

Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt in World War II Gerd von Rundstedt - Early Career: Born December 12, 1875 at Aschersleben, Germany, Gerd von Rundstedt was a member of an aristocratic Prussian family. Entering the German Army at age sixteen, he began learning his trade before being accepted into the German Armys officer training school in 1902. Graduating, von Rundstedt was promoted to captain in 1909. A skilled staff officer, he served in this capacity at the beginning of World War I in August 1914. Elevated to major that November, von Rundstedt continued to serve as a staff officer and by the end of the war in 1918 was chief of staff for his division. With the conclusion of the war, he elected to remain in the postwar Reichswehr. Gerd von Rundstedt - Interwar Years: In the 1920s, von Rundstedt rapidly advanced through the ranks of the Reichswehr and received promotions to lieutenant colonel (1920), colonel (1923), major general (1927), and lieutenant general (1929). Given command of the 3rd Infantry Division in February 1932, he supported Reich Chancellor Franz von Papens Prussian coup that July. Promoted to general of the infantry that October, he remained in that rank until being made a colonel general in March 1938. In the wake of the Munich Agreement, von Rundstedt led the 2nd Army which occupied the Sudetenland in October 1938. Despite this success, he promptly retired later in the month in protest of the Gestapos framing of Colonel General Werner von Fritsch during the Blomberg–Fritsch Affair. Leaving the army, he was given the honorary post of colonel of the 18th Infantry Regiment. Gerd von Rundstedt - World War II Begins: His retirement proved brief as he was recalled by Adolf Hitler the following year to lead Army Group South during the invasion of Poland in September 1939. Opening World War II, the campaign saw von Rundstedts troops mount the main attack of the invasion as they struck east from Silesia and Moravia. Winning the Battle of Bzura, his troops steadily drove back the Poles. With the successful completion of the conquest of Poland, von Rundstedt was given command of Army Group A in preparation for operations in the West. As planning moved forward, he supported his chief of staffs, Lieutenant General Erich von Mansteins, call for a swift armored strike toward the English Channel which he believed could lead to the strategic collapse of the enemy. Attacking on May 10, von Rundstedts forces made swift gains and opened a large gap in the Allied front. Led by General of Cavalry Heinz Guderians XIX Corps, German troops reached the English Channel on May 20. Having cut off the British Expeditionary Force from France, von Rundstedts troops turned north to capture the Channel ports and prevent its escape to Britain. Traveling to Army Group As headquarters at Charleville on May 24, Hitler urged its von Rundstedt, to press the attack. Assessing the situation, he advocated holding his armor west and south of Dunkirk, while utilizing the infantry of Army Group B to finish off the BEF. Though this allowed von Rundstedt to preserve his armor for the final campaign in France, it allowed the British to successfully conduct the Dunkirk Evacuation. Gerd von Rundstedt - On the Eastern Front: With the end of fighting in France, von Rundstedt received a promotion to field marshal on July 19. As the Battle of Britain began, he assisted in the development of Operation Sea Lion which called for the invasion of southern Britain. With the Luftwaffes failure to defeat the Royal Air Force, the invasion was called off and von Rundstedt was instructed to oversee the occupation forces in Western Europe. As Hitler began planning Operation Barbarossa, von Rundstedt was ordered east to assume command of Army Group South. On June 22, 1941, his command took part in the invasion of the Soviet Union. Driving through Ukraine, von Rundstedts forces played a key role in the encirclement of Kiev and capture of over 452,000 Soviet troops in late September. Pushing on, von Rundstedts forces succeeded in capturing Kharkov in late October and Rostov in late November. Suffering a heart attack during the advance on Rostov, he refused to leave the front and continued to direct operations. With the Russian winter setting in, von Rundstedt advocating halting the advance as his forces were becoming overextended and hampered by the severe weather. This request was vetoed by Hitler. On November 27, Soviet forces counterattacked and forced the Germans to abandon Rostov. Unwilling to surrender ground, Hitler countermanded von Rundstedts orders to fall back. Refusing to obey, von Rundstedt was sacked in favor of Field Marshal Walther von Reichenau. Gerd von Rundstedt - Return to the West: Briefly out of favor, von Rundstedt was recalled in March 1942 and given command of Oberbefehlshaber West (German Army Command in the West - OB West). Charged with defending Western Europe from the Allies, he was tasked with erecting fortifications along the coast. Largely inactive in this new role, little work occurred in 1942 or 1943. In November 1943, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was assigned to OB West as commander of Army Group B. Under his direction, work finally began on fortifying the coastline. Over the coming months, von Rundstedt and Rommel clashed over the disposition of OB Wests reserve panzer divisions with the former believing they should located in the rear and the latter wanting them near the coast. Following the Allied landings in Normandy on June 6, 1944, von Rundstedt and Rommel worked to contain the enemy beachhead. When it became obvious to von Rundstedt that the Allies could not be pushed back into the sea, he began advocating for peace. With the failure of a counterattack near Caen on July 1, he was asked by Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, head of the German armed forces, what should be done. To this he brusquely replied, Make peace you fools! What else can you do? For this, he was removed from command the next dayand replaced with Field Marshal Gunther von Kluge. Gerd von Rundstedt - Final Campaigns: In the wake of the July 20 Plot against Hitler, von Rundstedt agreed to serve on a Court of Honor to assess officers suspected of being opposed to the fà ¼hrer. Removing several hundred officers from the Wehrmacht, the court turned them over to Roland Freislers Volksgerichtshof (Peoples Court) for trial. Implicated in the July 20 Plot, von Kluge committed suicide on August 17 and was briefly replaced by Field Marshal Walter Model. Eighteen days later, on September 3, von Rundstedt returned to lead OB West. Later in the month, he was able to contain Allied gains made during Operation Market-Garden. Forced to give ground through the fall, von Rundstedt opposed the Ardennes offensive which was launched in December believing that insufficient troops were available for it to succeed. The campaign, which resulted in the Battle of the Bulge, represented the last major German offensive in the West. Continuing to fight a defensive campaign in early 1945, von Rundstedt was removed from command on March 11 after again arguing that Germany should make peace rather than fight a war it could not win. On May 1, von Rundstedt was captured by troops from the US 36th Infantry Division. During the course of his interrogation, he suffered another heart attack. Taken to Britain, von Rundstedt moved between camps in southern Wales and Suffolk. After the war, he was charged by the British for war crimes during the invasion of the Soviet Union. These charges were largely based on his support of von Reichenaus Severity Order which led to mass murders in occupied Soviet territory. Due to his age and failing health, von Rundstedt was never tried and he was released in July 1948. Retiring to Schloss Oppershausen, near Celle in Lower Saxony, he continued to be plagued by heart problems until his death on February 24, 1953. Selected Sources JVL: Gerd von RundstedtGeneralfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt Lone Sentry: von Rundstedt Explains

Amendment of the VAWA statute Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Amendment of the VAWA statute - Thesis Example One of the goals of this legislation was to relieve aliens whose U.S. citizen spouses were abusing them from depending on that spouse to obtain legal immigration status. See Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, Pub. L. No. 103-322, 108 Stat. 1796 (1994) ("VAWA 1994"). Previously, an alien seeking lawful permanent resident ("LPR," or "green card") status based on her marriage to a U.S. citizen or LPR was entirely dependent on her husband to file an immigrant visa petition on her behalf 1.1See 8 U.S.C. ' 1154(a)(1) (1993) (repealed). Congress was concerned that such women were often pressured into remaining in abusive marriages, in light ofthe threat that their husbands would withdraw the visa petitions if they left, thereby putting them at risk of deportation. See 61 Fed. Reg. 13061, 13061-62 (Mar. 26, 1996) (noting that "some abusive citizens . . . misuse their control over the petitioning process . . . . to perpetuate domestic abuse"). Through VAWA 1994, this statute was amended to allow such an alien to "self-petition" for immigrant classification; to prevail, she was required to demonstrate that she was married to a U.S. citizen or LPR, was eligible for immigrant classification based on that relationship, was residing in the United States and had, at some point, lived there together with the spouse, entered into the marriage in good faith, was a person of good moral character, would experience "extreme hardship" if deported, and, during the marriage, either she or her child "was battered or subjected to extreme cruelty perpetuated by the alien's spouse." See H.R. Rep. No. 103-395 (1993), at 23-24; see also 8 U.S.C. ' 1154(a)(1); 8 C.F.R.' 204.2(c)(1)(i). If the petition is granted, the alien can apply to adjust her status to that of an LPR; if it is denied, she can file an administrative appeal. 8 C.F.R. ' 204.2(c)(3)(i)-(ii). VAWA 1994 also provided a remedy for battered spouses who had already been placed in deportation proceedings, by relaxing the requirements for the form of relief known as "suspension of deportation." See VAWA 1994 ' 40703(a) (codified at 8 U.S.C. ' 1254(a))(repealed 1996); Hernandez v. Ashcroft, 345 F.3d 824, 832 (9th Cir. 2003). This form of relief was repealed altogether in 1996, and replaced with an application now known as "cancellation ofremoval." See Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act ("IIRIRA"), Pub. L. No. 104-208, ' 304(a)(3), 110 Stat. at 3009-596-606 (1996) (amending the INA to add, inter alia, section 240A, now codified at 8 U.S.C. ' 1229b). Normally, a non permanent resident seeking cancellation must demonstrate, inter alia, that she has been physically present in the United States for ten years, and that her removal would result in "exceptional and extremely unusual hardship" to a U.S. citizen or LPR relative. 8 U.S.C. ' 1229b(b)(1). If the alien can demonstrate that she was "battered or subjected to extreme cruelty" by a U.S. citizen spouse or parent, she need only show three years of physical presence, and that she personally would suffer "extreme hardship." 8 U.S.C. ' 1229b(b)(2). If she prevails in her application, then her status is adjusted to that of an LPR. 8 C.F.R ' 240.70(c). If her initial application is unsuccessful, she can appeal to the Board of Immigration Appeals and then to a Court of Appeals; if she is ultimately unsuccessful, she is

Management (in general) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management (in general) - Essay Example The leader must communicate to its members so that as a group, they will know what to perform in order to achieve their goal. The leader will give a group of instructions that will guide the members of the organization. The instructions must be clear enough to understand well by the members. Decision theory is a general approach to decision making when the outcomes associated with the alternatives are often in doubt. It helps managers with decisions on process, capacity, location and inventory, because such decisions are about an uncertain future. Managers in other functional areas can also use decision theory (Lundy). According to Lundy, "Management is principally a task of planning, coordinating, motivating and controlling the efforts of others towards a specific objective".1 This definition covers the three major functions of management, viz., planning, implementing and controlling. It points out management is what management does, i.e., planning, executing and controlling group activities. Thus, managing is an art of creating favorable performance environment enabling the group to attain stated objectives and management is the body of organized knowledge, i.e., science which underlines the art. "Management is what management does" - points out the functional approach to management and emphasizes the importance of distinctive managerial functions which together give us unified concept of the process of management. Functions of management are also called elements of management. An analysis of the functions of management points out what management does. It also provides the basis for defining precisely the word 'management' (Drucker). Broadly speaking, a manager is called upon to perform the following managerial functions: 2.1 Planning When management is reviewed as a process, planning is the first function is to be performed by a manager. The work of a manager begins with the setting of objectives of the organization and goals in each area of the business (Sherlker). This is done through planning. A manager proves the present to find where he is and he then forecasts future objectives which will indicate where he wants to be. The alternatives to achieve the objectives are evaluated and the selected alternatives become the plan of action. 2.2 Organizing Managing a business is not just planning. It includes putting life into the plan by bringing together the executive personnel, workers, capital, machinery, materials, physical facilities and other things or services to execute plans. When these resources are assembled the enterprise comes to life. Organizing involves determining and noting activities needed to fulfill the objectives, grouping these activities into manageable units or departments, and assigning such groups of activities to managers (Sherlker). Delegation of authority creates an organization. It determines authority - responsibility relationship. These relationships must be properly coordinated to secure unity of organization. 2.3 Staffing Staffing involves filling the positions needed in the organization